spring rates are measured in weight required to compress the spring x amount. in the US it is almost always lbs per inch. So for the Tein's they require 280lbs of weight to compress the spring 1". The stiffer the spring rate, the more force is required to compress it. This means that in a car driving down the road and hitting a bump, a softer spring will be able to compress more and soak up the impact much better than a stiff spring which may only compress an inch or so. Since the spring can't soak up the impact it is transferred to the chassis and now you feel the bump. Shock valving also plays a roll in all of this, but getting into the forces per distance per timeframe is more than most want to get into.
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